Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to aspermatogenic antigen in experimental allergic orchitis in the guinea-pig

Guinea-pigs were immunized with a defined and highly potent aspermatogenic antigen, G75m, and the occurrence of orchitis was correlated with (1) cell-mediated immune response to G75m, determined by lymph node cell proliferation and by secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by peritoneal exudate cells, and (2) humoral antibodies to G75m and to cell surface antigens of guinea-pig testicular cells, by radioimmunometric assays. A consistent temporal relationship between cell-mediated immune responses and disease was found: lymph node cell proliferation was positive by Day 4, followed 3 days later by maximum secretion of MIF, and orchitis lesions were manifest on Day 10. In contrast, maximal IgG antibodies to G75m or to the surface antigens of spermatozoa/testicular cells were detected at a time when cell-mediated immune responses and active testicular lesions had subsided. In individual animals, lymph node cell proliferation increased with severity of orchitis, while MIF secretion by peritoneal cells increased with orchitis only late in the disease. Early in disease, MIF response showed a negative correlation with orchitis. Moreover, peritoneal injection of oil reduced the incidence of early lymph node cell proliferative responses, and delayed the onset of testicular disease. These findings are consistent with competition between different inflammatory sites for recently antigen-activated T lymphocytes. We conclude that (1) the development of orchitis correlates with cell-mediated immune responses to purified aspermatogenic antigens but not with IgG antibody responses, and (2) when the same animal is used to assess different aspects of cellular immunity and autoimmune disease, one study may significantly influence the other.     

黑腹果蝇P转座因子研究 Ⅰ.我国黑腹果蝇的P-M测定及其地理分布

采用性腺败育(GD不育)作为标准检定方法。对我国20个地方的黑腹果蝇的P因子活性和细胞型进行了测定。结果表明我国北部沿海城市为Q型;南部沿海和内地皆为M型。各地的M品系所产生的GD不育能力各不相同,但表现出与地理位置相关的梯度变化。这一变化规律为研究我国黑腹果蝇的P因子起源及P和M品系的形成提供了重要的理论依据。     

小麦再生植株的变异研究 Ⅱ.再生植株当代(R_1代)的细胞学和形态学变异

再生植株具有高频率的染色体异常,其中有20.61％表现为染色体数量变异,最常见的为2n—1类型,其次为2n—2类型,也有2n 1、2n—3个体以及染色体数嵌合株。再生植株减数分裂各期均有染色体异常行为,可以见到的有落后染色体、染色体桥、断片、二分体延迟、微核,还有粗线期十字型配对等结构变异,以及五分体、六分体和畸型四分体等异常现象。微核率随培养时间延长而增加,可用作染色体伤害的一个指标。再生植株R_1代存在着许多形态学变异。性状变异与染色体数目变异没有明显关系。     

Apolipoprotein A-I metabolism in subjects with a PstI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the apoA-I gene and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia

Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (hypoalpha), characterized by a decreased high density lipoprotein level, is associated with an increased incidence of premature cardiovascular disease. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of genomic DNA has detected a polymorphism for the PstI restriction endonuclease near the apoA-I gene, with either a 2.2 or a 3.3 kb fragment. The latter has been previously found to occur with significantly higher frequency in probands of families with familial hypoalpha. ApoA-I was isolated from three unrelated subjects with familial hypoalpha and the 3.3 kb PstI polymorphism of the apoA-I gene, and from normal control subjects. The apoA-I from the hypoalpha subjects was structurally normal as determined by amino acid analysis and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. When normal apoA-I and hypoalpha apoA-I were simultaneously injected into either normal controls or hypoalpha subjects, both forms of apoA-I were catabolized at the same rate in the same subject, indicating that the hypoalpha apoA-I is also metabolically normal. Analysis of the kinetics of metabolism of apoA-I in the hypoalpha subjects, compared to the normal controls, revealed that the reduced plasma levels of apoA-I were due to an increased apoA-I fractional catabolic rate, and that the synthetic rate was normal. Based on these results, we conclude that the apoA-I gene in these hypoalpha subjects is normal, and the PstI polymorphism near the apoA-I gene, which is associated with familial hypoalpha, is likely to be a marker for a mutant gene closely linked to, but not in, the apoA-I gene.     

Virological survey of rhesus monkeys in China

A virological survey of rhesus monkeys captured in China for 13 viruses and/or antibodies was performed. Antigens used were SFV, SF40, HSV-1, Sa11, measles, vaccinia, epidemic or simian hemorrhagic fever, Langat, Kunming, poliomyelitis, HIV, SV41 and rubella. Monkeys were from Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Antibody was detected to all the listed viruses except HIV, SV41 and rubella. Both SFV and SV40 were recovered from monkeys, but H. simiae, LCM and coxsackieviruses were not.     

大肠杆菌青霉素G酰化酶基因及其邻近区域的核苷酸全序列

Some of microorganisms have been known to possess penicillin G acylase activity. The E. coli derived penicillin G acylase (PGA) can catalyze the conversion of penicillin G into phenylacetic acid and 6-amino-penicillanic acid, the latter is used as the starting compound for the industrial formation of semi-synthetic penicillins. Apart from its industrial importance, the enzyme PGA displays a number of interesting properties. Catalytically active enzyme is localized in the periplasmic space of E. coli cells and composed of two dissimilar subunits. The two subunits are apparently produced from a precursor protein, via a processing pathway hitherto unique in its features for a prokaryotic enzyme. The studies on processing of the precursor and on the relationship between structure and function of the mature enzyme are important theoretically. Previously we cloned a 3.5 kb DNA fragment from a strain (E. coli AS 1.76), which displays PGA activity. In this paper, we report a nucleotide sequence of the 3.5 kb DNA fragment containing PGA gene. After insertion of the DNA fragment into EcoR I and Hind III sites in pWR 13, pPGA 20 had been obtained. We subcloned the Hind III and Bg1 II treated fragment of 1.6 kb in length from pPGA 20 into Hind III and BamH I sites of pWR 13 to get a pPGA 1.6, and Bg1 II and EcoR I treated fragment of 1.9 kb in length into BamH I and EcoR I sites of pWR 13 to get a pPGA 1.9. The linearized pPGA 1.9 which were digested with appropriate restriction enzymes were progressively shortened from both ends respectively by digestion with Bal 31 nuclease, followed by cleavage of shortened target DNA off vector DNA molecules with appropriate restriction enzymes. The series of the DNA fragments shortened from EcoR I end were then cloned into plasmid pWR 13 which had previously digested with Hind III and Sma I enzymes (Fig. 1). The DNA fragment cloned in pWR 13 were directly sequenced on the resulted plasmids by using primer I and primer II. Thus we have obtained the complete nucleotide sequence of the 3.5 kb DNA fragment. The 3.5 kb fragment contains an intact PGA gene which is 2.6 kb.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

The molecular basis for Duchenne versus Becker muscular dystrophy: Correlation of severity with type of deletion

About 60% of both Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is due to deletions of the dystrophin gene. For cases with a deletion mutation, the "reading frame" hypothesis predicts that BMD patients produce a semifunctional, internally deleted dystrophin protein, whereas DMD patients produce a severely truncated protein that would be unstable. To test the validity of this theory, we analyzed 258 independent deletions at the DMD/BMD locus. The correlation between phenotype and type of deletion mutation is in agreement with the "reading frame" theory in 92% of cases and is of diagnostic and prognostic significance. The distribution and frequency of deletions spanning the entire locus suggests that many "in-frame" deletions of the dystrophin gene are not detected because the individuals bearing them are either asymptomatic or exhibit non-DMD/non-BMD clinical features.     

短尾猴（Macaca arctoides）和猕猴跟骨的功能形态研究

本文从形态描述和统计入手,对短尾猴(macaca arctoides)和猕猴的跟骨进行了比较研究。结果表明,所研究的跟骨变量无论数值大小还是几何图形结构都存在一定差异。特别是跟骨最大宽、跟长、后距骨连结面长、跟骨高度及相对跟长存在显著性差异水平。猕猴跟骨变量间的相关关系比短尾猴的表现得更为紧密。据其形态与功能的关系,我们认为:与猕猴相较,短尾猴更适应于地栖生活。这似乎与短尾猴具更大的体重有关。